• AUSTRIAN History
  • Mirror image of http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/attoc.html
    • Chapter 1. Historical Setting
      • THE ALPINE-DANUBIAN REGION BEFORE THE HABSBURG DYNASTY
        • The Celtic and Roman Eras
        • The Early Medieval Era
        • The Holy Roman Empire and the Duchy of Austria
      • RISE OF THE HABSBURG EMPIRE
        • The Habsburg Dynasty in the Late Medieval Era
        • Territorial Expansion, Division, and Consolidation
        • The Protestant Reformation in the Habsburg Lands
        • The Turkish Threat
      • THE COUNTER-REFORMATION AND THE THIRTY YEARS' WAR
        • Division and Rebellion
        • The Thirty Years' War, 1618-48
        • The Peace of Westphalia
      • THE BAROQUE ERA
        • Political and Religious Consolidation under Leopold
        • The Turkish Wars and the Siege of Vienna
        • The War of the Spanish Succession
        • The Pragmatic Sanction and the War of the Austrian Succession, 1740-48
      • THE REFORMS OF MARIA THERESA AND JOSEPH II
        • Baroque Absolutism and Enlightened Despotism
        • The Strategic Impact of the Reform Era
      • THE HABSBURG EMPIRE AND THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
        • The Napoleonic Wars
        • The AUSTRIA IN THE AGE OF METTERNICH
          • International Developments, 1815-48
          • Domestic Policies
        • THE Revolutionary Rise and Fall
        • The Failure of Neoabsolutism
        • Loss of Leadership in Germany
      • AUSTRIA-HUNGARY TO THE EARLY 1900S
        • The Founding of the Dual Monarchy
        • Final Defeat in Germany and Reconciliation with Prussia
        • The Eastern Question
        • Internal Developments in Austria
      • THE FINAL YEARS OF THE EMPIRE AND WORLD WAR I
        • The Crisis over Bosnia and Hercegovina
        • World War I
        • The End of the Habsburg Empire and the Birth of the Austrian Republic
      • THE FIRST REPUBLIC
        • Overview of the Political Camps
        • The Political Life of the 1920s and Early 1930s
        • The End of Constitutional Rule
        • Growing German Pressure on Austria
      • THE ANSCHLUSS AND WORLD WAR II
        • Absorption of Austria into the Third Reich
        • Nazi Economic and Social Policies
        • Repression and Compliance
        • World War II and the Defeat of Nazi Germany
      • RESTORED INDEPENDENCE UNDER ALLIED OCCUPATION
        • Foundation of the Second Republic
        • Four-Power Occupation and Recognition of the Provisional Government
        • The 1945 Election and Consolidation of the Austrian Government
        • Consolidation of Democracy
        • Austria's The 1955 State Treaty and Austrian Neutrality
      • THE GRAND COALITION AND THE AUSTRIAN PEOPLE'S PARTY CODA, 1955-70
        • Foreign Policy in the Late 1950s and 1960s
        • Elections and Parties
        • Domestic Tranquillity under the Grand Coalition
      • THE KREISKY YEARS, 1970-83
        • Electoral Politics in the Kreisky Era
        • Domestic Issues
        • Foreign Policy
        • End of the Kreisky Era